Recent studies on the biological action of\n\t\t\t\t parathyroid hormone {PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP)\n\t\t\t\t and PTH/PTHrP receptor in cartilage and bone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mice with a targeted deletion of parathyroid\n\t\t\t\t hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) develop a form\n\t\t\t\t of dyschondroplasia resulting from diminished\n\t\t\t\t proliferation and premature maturation of chondrocytes.\n\t\t\t\t Abnormal, heterogeneous populations of chondrocytes at\n\t\t\t\t different stages of differentiation were seen in the\n\t\t\t\t hypertrophic zone of the mutant growth plate. Although\n\t\t\t\t the homozygous null animals die within several hours of\n\t\t\t\t birth, mice heterozygous for PTHrP gene deletion reach\n\t\t\t\t adulthood, at which time they show evidence of\n\t\t\t\t osteopenia. Therefore, PTHrP appears to modulate cell\n\t\t\t\t proliferation and differentiation in both the pre and post\n\t\t\t\t natal period. PTH/PTHrP receptor expression in the\n\t\t\t\t mouse is controlled by two promoters. We recently\n\t\t\t\t found that, while the downstream promoter controls\n\t\t\t\t PTH/PTHrP receptor gene expression in bone and\n\t\t\t\t cartilage, it is differentially regulated in the two tissues.\n\t\t\t\t la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 downregulated the activity\n\t\t\t\t of the downstream promoter in osteoblasts, but not in\n\t\t\t\t chondrocytes, both in vivo and .in vitro. Most of the\n\t\t\t\t biological activity of PTHrP is thought to be mediated\n\t\t\t\t by binding of its amino terminus to the PTH/PTHrP\n\t\t\t\t receptor. However, recent evidence suggests that amino\n\t\t\t\t acids 87-107, outside of the amino terminal binding\n\t\t\t\t domain, act as a nucleolar targeting signal. Chondrocytic\n\t\t\t\t cell line, CFK2, transfected with wild-type PTHrP\n\t\t\t\t eDNA showed PTHrP in the nucleoli as well as in the\n\t\t\t\t secretory pathway. Therefore, PTHrP appears to act as a\n\t\t\t\t bifunctional modulator of both chondrocyte proliferation\n\t\t\t\t and differentiation, through signal transduction linked to\n\t\t\t\t the PTHIPTHrP receptor and by its direct action in the\n\t\t\t\t nucleolus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".