The Relationship between Homocysteine, Oxidative Stress, and Cognition in Mild Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) generates reactive oxygen species and has been associated with cardiovascular disease and impaired cognition. While the relationship between Hcy and cognition has been studied in other disorders, it has not been well characterized in mild vascular cognitive impairment (mVCI), the prodromal stage of vascular dementia. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between elevated Hcy, oxidative stress markers, and cognition in this at-risk population. 30 mVCI patients were assessed for cognition, plasma Hcy, and plasma oxidative stress markers. No intergroup difference was observed in executive function or verbal memory. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), an oxidative stress product modulator, had elevated log transformed activity in the high Hcy group (mean(SD) =-0.11(0.15)) compared to the normal Hcy 0.15(0.24) group (F(1,12)=6.15, p=0.029, partial ƞ2=0.339. While there were non-significant results for primary and secondary hypotheses, findings suggest that elevated Hcy may be related to compensatory increased GST activity in mVCI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".