Spatial and temporal patterns in the hydrology, water chemistry and algal nutrient status of Delta Marsh, as influenced by the hydrology of adjoining Lake Manitoba.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between 2002 and 2005, I examined spatial and temporal patterns in the hydrology, water chemistry, and algal nutrient-limitation status (N and/or P) in Delta Marsh, a 18,500-ha coastal lacustrine freshwater marsh on the south shore of Lake Manitoba, to determine the influence of surface water exchange with Lake Manitoba on these properties. Daily and annual marsh water level changes were found to be highly correlated with those of the lake, during some of the highest and lowest long-term water levels in recorded history. The average magnitude of water level changes in the marsh ranged from to a few centimeters to half a meter, which is significant in shallow coastal wetlands systems like Delta Marsh where the average depths are ≤ 1 m. In general, marsh sites located closest to the lake were influenced to the greatest degree by the flushing and dilution effect of the lake. Spatially, in connected sections of the marsh concentrations of dissolved inorganic and total N (DIN-N and TN), total reactive and total phosphorus (TRP-P and TP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO4-), alkalinity and conductivity decreased with decreasing distance to Lake Manitoba. Regardless of east and west location and the distance of connected marsh sites from Lake Manitoba, annual variation in water level was the most significant predictor of differences in several water chemistry characteristics between sample sites including DIN-N, TN, TRP-P, TP, alkalinity, DOC, Cl-, SO4-, and conductivity. Annually, concentrations of DIN-N, TN, alkalinity, DOC, Cl-, SO4- and conductivity were negatively correlated with increasing water depth, and the spatial variation in the concentration of these water chemistry parameters also decreased with increasing water level. Results of nutrient diffusing substrata bioassay experiments indicated that periphyton biomass in the marsh was predominately limited by N. The predominance of N limitation in Delta Marsh was found to be significantly negatively correlated with water column N concentrations, but not correlated with P concentrations. Collectively, this study illustrates the important role of lake connection and hydrological influence on the structure and function of adjoining coastal freshwater wetlands.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".