Source, attenuation, and potential mobility of arsenic at New Britannia Mine, Snow Lake, MB
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concentrations of arsenic, averaging 17 ppm, are present in groundwater below a tailings disposal area, down gradient from an arsenopyrite residue stockpile (ARS) containing pore water concentrations of 100 ppm arsenic at New Britannia Mine (NBM), Snow Lake, Manitoba. Hydrogeological modeling illustrates arsenic contaminated groundwater will continue to percolate through the base of the ARS and into the local aquifer so long as there is a source concentration. Geochemical distribution of arsenic in surface and pore water (< 8.7 and 9.0 ppm), solids (< 17800 ppm), and plants (< 13600 ppm) along a flow path from the mine to Snow Lake are above Canadian guidelines. Safe levels of arsenic were measured in Snow Lake. Mineralogical investigations of solids by SEM, EMPA, and u-XRD show arsenic bound to secondary hydrous ferric oxides. Both dissolved and solid phase arsenic are mobile. Arsenic reducing bacteria thrive, thereby enhancing the conversion of arsenic to its more mobile and toxic form. Future monitoring and remediation recommendations for NBM are provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".