Volunteerism in Canadian Organized Sport: A Human Resource Management Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Community sport organizations (CSOs) are providers of organized sport for much of the Canadian population. As non-profit organizations that rely on volunteer aid for the management and delivery of sport, CSOs face difficulties in gaining stable volunteers. With little research existing on volunteers at the community sports level, and in an effort to grow CSOs’ voluntary workforce, this research looks at two aspects of human resource management. First, planning, to establish the antecedents that characterize CSO volunteers and determine their level of agreement with the fact that their families volunteer, and second, retention, by establishing the presence of nostalgia within CSO volunteers for use in future volunteer retention efforts. Practical contributions include aiding management in CSOs with the return to organized sport, helping Canadian policy makers, and adding to the limited cost-efficient retention strategies available to CSOs and other non-profit organizations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".