Are courts representative bodies? A canadian perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this policy brief, Judge Robert Sharpe of the Court of Appeal for Ontario argues that it would be wrong for judges exercising the power of judicial review to claim legitimacy as representatives. He argues that the claim is not only wrong, it is dangerous as it distorts the nature of the judicial function. Judicial review of legislation against constitutionally mandated standards can only be defended for what it is: independent judges acting as impartial adjudicators applying legal method and argument. \n \n If judges deceive themselves into thinking they are representative and fail consciously to relatethe exercise of the power of judicial review to their non-representational role, they are likely to exceed acceptable limits of judicial authority. \n \n The legitimacy of judicial review rests on the perception that courts are not representative of anybody or anything other than the law and act as independent and impartial arbiters who base their decisions on legal argument and reasoning rather than on political judgment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.034 | 0.036 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.028 | 0.014 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.017 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".