Altérité du dedans, altérité du dehors des Noirs: Gérard Étienne, Ahmadou Kourouma, James Baldwin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis aims to present a new perspective related to the understanding of the otherness that Negro-Africans are generally subjected to. While the collective approach to the Negro-African’s otherness has always been studied from a White vs Black point of view, this \ndissertation shows that it is crucial such studies be also conducted on a Black vs Black basis. Therefore, the paper focuses on Negro-Africans, the idea that others have of them and the idea that they have of themselves. To illustrate these arguments, a comparative study is done on novels from three authors who are all of Black descent: James Baldwin (African-American), Gérard Étienne (Canadian of Haitian origin) and Ahmadou Kourouma (Ivorian). Despite their apparent common color of skin and the similarities in their life experiences, these writers and their characters distance themselves from each other on several matters. The first part of the thesis focuses on a succinct definition of the concept of difference, an analysis of historical examples that corroborate the existence of an external otherness within Black communities and the re-conceptualization of Negritude, its origins and its nature as an identity of many expressions. The second part, which looks at Christianity in Un autre pays (James Baldwin), Voodoo in Le nègre crucifié (Gérard Étienne) and African traditional rituals and beliefs in Les soleils des indépendances (Ahmadou Kourouma) -, delivers an explanation on how Negro-Africans’ spirituality comes in different forms and expressions, including amongst the characters and their respective authors. The characters from the various books at hand, bring the debate to light, in the third part, through their unique conceptions of erotic plays and the movement of their bodies. This section of the dissertation covers alienation in the social space in both a primarily white dominated construct and in societies of Black majority. Finally, the fourth and last part of the thesis talks about the importance of considering otherness on a linguistic point of view in the Francophone community. Through an accurate synthesis of alterity, this dissertation draws the perspective of otherness based on experiences, rather than the unique basis of physical attributes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".