Binder of SPerm protein interference in sperm-egg interaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Binder of SPerm (BSP) proteins were first characterized in the laboratory of Dr. P. Manjunath, where the biochemistry of seminal plasma proteins and their interactions with sperm are being studied.These proteins were shown to bind to choline phospholipids on the ejaculated sperm membrane.In mice and humans, the Binder of SPerm homolog 1 (BSPH1) protein is exclusively expressed in the epididymis.BSPH1 proteins have been shown to be involved in the sperm membrane changes underlying capacitation.Findings from experiments with the recombinant mouse BSP homolog (rec-BSPH1) suggest that the protein initially resides on the surface of the sperm and then relocalizes over the head and mid-piece during capacitation and sperm-egg interaction, suggesting a potential role for BSPH1 in sperm-egg interaction.In the current study, we examined the role of the mouse recombinant BSP homolog 1 (rec-BSPH1) in sperm-egg interaction using an in vitro fertilization (IVF) assay.Oocytes were pre-treated with rec-BSPH1, control proteins or media alone, and inseminated with capacitated sperm.In addition to IVF assays, the potential binding of rec-BSPH1 to the oocyte surface was investigated using immunofluorescence.Finally, sperm-bound native BSPH1 was immunoneutralized by anti-rec-BSPH1 antibodies in order to indirectly demonstrate the importance of BSPH1 in sperm-egg interaction and fertilization.Our results showed that eggs pre-incubated with rec-BSPH1 protein exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in fertilization rate compared to those exposed to control proteins or media alone.Since BSPH1 binding sites were not identified on the egg, the observed inhibition in fertilization rate when eggs were preincubated with rec-BSPH1 suggested that an alternate mechanism was at play.We hypothesize that bovine serum albumin contained in the media synergizes with rec-BSPH1 to provoke oocyte membrane lipid raft disorganization, which interferes with fertilization.In addition, anti-rec-BSPH1 antibodies could effectively immuno-neutralize native protein on sperm, which led to dramatic motility suppression and failed hyperactivation, followed by compromised fertilization.Taken together with previously published research, our findings suggest that BSPH1 would mostly be involved in the late events of sperm capacitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".