Canadian Surrogacy as an Ideological Struggle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surrogacy is increasingly prevalent, particularly in Canada where despite its long status as a legally permitted practice it is only permissible through 'altruistic' arrangements as it is illegal to pay a surrogate to carry a child.This unpaid labour performed by Canadian surrogates transforms the dystopian perception of commercial surrogacy into a utopian vision of community welfare.This vision persists amid a major Thank you to Deb Thompson for acting as an examiner.I am so fortunate to have received your feedback on early versions of this research and again at the end of the project.Much of the direction of this project came from the research and teaching of Kelly Gordon whose evaluation of the thesis proposal improved the project immensely.Thanks to Will Roberts for providing critical interventions on a seminar paper where I began thinking more theoretically about this topic.Stephanie Paterson deserves specific mention for inviting me to take part in her graduate seminar at Concordia University.Her expertise is the reason I sought course credit outside my department
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.050 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.014 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.034 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".