Capture Times of Passerines on the South Shore of Lake Ontario During Spring Migration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Capture times of 6500 migrant passerines caught in mist nets at the Kaiser-Manitou Beach Banding Station at Braddock Bay, New York, on the south shore of Lake Ontario, during May 1993 to 1996, were analyzed.Results were compared with data from a similar study conducted by Prince Edward Point Bird Observatory at Point Traverse, Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Ontario.There were significant interspecies differences in capture times which have implications for researchers developing census protocols for migrants along the Lake Ontario shoreline.The mean capture time for 15 of 17 species caught at both sites was from 0.3 to 2.2 hours earlier at Braddock Bey.This phenomenon may be due to the effect of Lake Ontario, topographical or habitat differences, prevailing wind direction, or a combination of influences.Deslauriers and Francis (1991) summarized previous research on time-of-day effects on auditory and visual bird censuses.Before their study, little research had been done on mist net capture times.More recent papers by Jenni et al. (1996) and Pardiek and Waide (1992) studied efficiency of mist nets which could impact on capture times.Remsen and Good (1996) cautioned against misuse of mist net data to assess avian population status, especially when the sampling setup did not include aerial nets (neither Braddock Bay nor Traverse used aerial nets).Deslauriers and Francis (1991 ) analyzed mist net capture times of spring migrants at Prince Edward Point on the Canadian shore of Lake Ontario near Kingston during 1976 to 1980 and in 1988 and found behaviorally induced differences in mean capture times of many species.Jan.-Mar.In this paper, capture times of spring migrants at the Kaiser-Manitou Beach (K-MB) Banding Station at Braddock Bay during 1993 to 1996 are analyzed and compared with the results of the study conducted by Prince Edward Point Bird Observatory at Point Traverse.METHODS The K-MB Station is located within 150 m of the shoreline of Lake Ontario, 24 km NW of Rochester, New York (coordinates 431-0774).Habitat includes shrubby fields, wet deciduous woods, and hedgerows.A "constant-effort" mist-netting operation, with 20 to 25,12-m nylon top-tethered 1%" mesh nets, was run daily (weather permitting) during May from 1993 to 1996.A strict protocol was established so that nets, raised in a consistent manner, were set daily by sunrise and kept open for at least eight hours.Birds were removed from nets every half hour beginning at exactly 15 minutes after sunrise.They were brought back to a work area where they were banded, processed, and released.On busy days, birds were held in cages that were marked carefully as to the birds' time of capture.Although the time of processing was also recorded, it is only the capture time that was used in this study Capture time was not kept for birds handled later than the eighth hour after sunrise.As in the Prince Edward Point study, capture time was transformed into the nearest hour after sunrise to account for changing sunrise times throughout the month.Capture time data were used only from days where the full eight-hour protocol was employed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".