Detecting marine nutrient and organic matter inputs into multiple trophic levels in streams of Atlantic Canada and France
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used stable isotope analysis in an attempt to detect marine subsidies from anadromous fish to freshwater benthos in four river systems draining to the Atlantic Ocean. Benthic invertebrates in the West River, Nova Scotia, Canada, had elevated d13C, d15N, and d34S values in a downstream reach that suggested consumption of marine-derived organic matter from spawning blueback herring Alosa aestivalis. In Doctor's Brook, Nova Scotia, the arrival of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax to spawn led to rapid increases in the d13C and d15N of a predatory stonefly (Perlidae), but lower trophic levels (mayflies and biofilm) showed inconsistent responses. Sculpin Cottus sp. showed no evidence of predation on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar eggs in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick, Canada or the Scorff River, Brittany, France. These analyses suggest that marine organic matter subsidies, in the form of direct consumption of eggs and/or carcasses, are important in streams with concentrated spawning activity such as by alosid and osmerid species, whereas carbon and nitrogen contributions from more sparse spawning species such as by Atlantic salmon may be minimal.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it