Elastic tethers remain functional during anaphase arrest in partially-lysed crane-fly spermatocytes, and in non-lysed spermatocytes treated with microtubule inhibitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Elastic tethers connect corresponding arms (telomeres) of partner chromosomes during anaphase segregation; they exert anti-poleward (backward) forces on the poleward-moving chromosomes. This thesis examined how arresting anaphase chromosomal segregation affected elastic tether function. Various dilutions of a standard immunofluorescent lysis buffer were used to partially lyse anaphase-I spermatocytes of crane flies. Partial cell lysis deactivated the anaphase spindle apparatus and arrested anaphase chromosomal segregation. Elastic tethers remained functional, and backward tether forces acting on chromosomes were able to cause backward chromosomal movements. Backward-moving chromosomes were attached to their kinetochore microtubules (kMTs) which might have been slowing them down. To test whether detaching chromosomes from their kMTs could enable their faster backward movements, anaphase spermatocytes were treated with various microtubule inhibitors to disassemble kMTs. The inhibitors led to anaphase segregation arrest, and backward chromosomal movements. However, the drugs were unable to disassemble the stable, acetylated kMTs, and allow faster backward movements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".