Development of electrospun fibrous structures from cellulose acetate for water purification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrospun fibers have been proven to be effective aqueous contaminant removers owing to their large specific surface area, high porosity, and easy modification.To date, electrospinning has been successfully employed to fabricate numerous combinations of polymers and fillers into ultrafine fibers for water purification.Cellulose acetate (CA), a biodegradable polymer, is increasingly used to produce consumer products (over 600,000 metric tons per year) including cigarette filters, textiles, photographic films, and plastic.However, most of the CA wastes are landfilled, discarded, or incinerated, resulting in intensified greenhouse gas emissions and loss of useful materials.Recycling CA wastes into electrospun adsorbents not only alleviates their impacts on the environment but also produces value-added products.Humic acid (HA) is a natural organic compound that exerts pressure on aquatic environments and water-based engineering systems.The presence of HA in the water system, especially in potable water not only generates unfavorable taste but also induces complexation effects with heavy metal ions and active interactions with Cl2 used in the water treatment process, giving rise to carcinogenic and reproductive issue-related organochlorines as a disinfection by-product.Herein, HA is selected as an illustrative contaminant, and guided by the intermolecular interaction study, CA and chitosan (CS) derived from wastes materials were recycled to prepare an efficient electrospun adsorbent with abundant amino and methyl groups for HA removal.The results revealed that all the CA/CS fibrous membranes showed high adsorption capacities (> 152 mg/g) towards HA at pH 4. Especially, the CA/CS 1:1 sample had a uniform fibrous morphology, which led to the highest tensile strength and adsorption capacity of 184.72 mg/g.To further optimize the properties and efficacy of the electrospun adsorbent, a core-sheath structured CA-based adsorbent incorporated by CS and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was constructed.All the CS/CA/CNCs fibers with core-sheath structures exhibited smaller diameters, greater homogeneity, and significantly improved mechanical strength iii compared to the uniaxial fibers.The removal efficacy was also improved as evidenced by the comparable adsorption capacity toward HA obtained from the CS/CA/CNCs fibers with a lower mass proportion of CS incorporated.Additionally, photoactive agents were introduced into the CA/CS adsorbent to facilitate continuous and synergistic removal of contaminants via photooxidation and adsorption.The results indicated that TiO2 was uniformly fixed in the electrospun CA/CS fibers, which extended the removal process and facilitated the continuous removal of HA after 60 minutes upon the saturation of the adsorbent.The generated CA electrospun membrane residues were finally collected and utilized to assemble 3D fibrous aerogels for oil/water separations.The hydrophobic aerogels exhibited superior absorption capacities towards diversified oils and organic solvents with good reusability.In general, the results showed that the electrospun fibrous structures derived from CA are promising adsorbents for water purification.I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Yixiang Wang, for his guidance and support throughout this research.His feedback has been pivotal in shaping both this work and my growth as a researcher.His encouragement and faith in my abilities have been a guiding light during the most challenging times of my research.His commitment to pursuing knowledge and his unwavering belief in the importance of meticulous work and rigorous analysis have not only shaped my academic development but have also instilled in me the ethos of what it truly means to be a researcher.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".