Endocrine disruption in the female following «in utero» exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an endocrine disruptor used as a plasticizer in industry as an additive to polyvinyl chloride commodities which include consumer and medical products.Developmental delay induced by exposure to chemicals such as DEHP has been a cause for concern.In our work, we use a model in which pregnant dams are gavaged with DEHP from gestational day 14 until birth.We have previously provided evidence that demonstrates the adverse effects of DEHP on the male endocrine system following in utero exposure; however, knowledge of analogous effects of DEHP in the female is lagging in comparison.In the present study, we set out to characterize the anti-estrogenic effects of DEHP on the estrous cycle of female offspring exposed to 1 -300 mg DEHP/kg/day.In utero exposure to DEHP resulted in a perturbation of the ovarian steroids profiles as well as an underdevelopment of ovarian follicles.In the ovaries we reported a decrease in the expression of Cyp17a1, a gene that encodes for the enzyme necessary for androgen formation.Furthermore, pituitary-derived FSH serum levels were significantly increased pre and post ovulation starting at the lowest dose.The feedback mechanism in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis was presumably not affected since pituitary and hypothalamus expression of genes involved in the regulation of the axis was not altered.Anti-Müllerian hormone gene expression was significantly decreased in the ovary.Mating studies showed a decrease in first cycle pregnancy.The data presented herein suggest that in utero exposure to DEHP likely targets ovarian follicular development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".