Effects of genotype and environment on polyphenol oxidase activity and related properties of red and white wheats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The color of wheat end-products depends on flour characteristics, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO) level, in addition to processing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methodologies used to determine PPO activity, to compare the effects of genotype and environment on PPO, and to determine the relationship of PPO to end-product discoloration. A set of double haploid experimental lines, including red and white kernel genotypes and agronomical checks, were grown at four locations in western Canada during two years. PPO activity was analyzed in grain and flour by the oxygen consumption method with catechol as substrate, and by spectrophotometric methods. Color values and discoloration after 24 hours were determined in salted (Udon) and alkaline (Kansui) type noodle sheets. A simple fast spectrophotometric whole kernel method using tyrosine as a substrate was well correlated with results of the oxygen consumption method (r = 0.813, P = 0.001). Milling and flour properties of the samples were affected significantly by the environment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".