EFFECTS OF LIMESTONE FILLER ON EARLY-AGE PROPERTIES OF ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is characterized by a very low water-to-cement ratio, which causes a substantial portion of cement to remain unhydrated. As emissions from cement production are harmful to the environment, greener concrete can be achieved by partially replacing the unhydrated cement in UHPC with more environmentally friendly materials, such as ground limestone. This dissertation evaluates the effects of various particle sizes and dosages of fine limestone on the early-age properties of UHPC. Workability, setting time, heat of hydration, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage are among the properties that have been examined. Results indicate an improvement in the hydration process along with enhanced mechanical properties when incorporating fine limestone in UHPC. It was found that up to 20% of cement can be partially replaced by fine limestone while maintaining similar engineering properties to that of mixtures without limestone. Therefore, fine limestone allows for the production of greener concrete with potentially improved characteristics, while reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from cement production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".