The electrical transition in Spain: from traditional regulation to market regulation, 1982-1996
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the last quarter of the 20th century, economic regulation in the Spanish electricity sector has changed dramatically. Energy policy and the behaviour of utilities companies in Spain should be understood in light of the following contexts: the energy and economic crisis in the 1970s; the political transition towards a democratic regime, and the incorporation of Spain into the European Union. As shown through the aspects analysed in this article, traditional regulation in the Spanish electrical sector did not obtain the desired levels of efficiency. This traditional regulation, which went against competitive regulation put into practice in leading nations, was widely questioned. Any explanation of current regulation deficiencies in the Spanish electricity market, however, should take into account not only the current regulation models but also the “path dependence” in the industrial organization of utilities companies, which historically has been very concentrated in Spain.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it