El descenso secular de la fecundidad en España
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th \ncentury, fertility decline was a generalized process in most European \ncountries, which Spain joined with some delay. Catalonia was the first \nterritory to initiate the decline in fertility, but Madrid, Galicia and some \nnorthern provinces were also relatively early in adopting the new patterns. In the last quarter of the century, a generalized and very rapid decline \nin fertility began in the country: from 2.78 children per woman in 1975 to \n1.25 in 2001. \nFamily formation strategies and family size have varied according to \nthe socioeconomic situation. Although they have been present at all times, today the labor market and access to housing are mainly mentioned as relevant obstacles to starting a family and having children. \nThe aim of this paper is to describe the territorial differences in fertility \nin Spain during the 20th century, as well as showing the different impact \nthat marital, non-marital and nuptial fertility have had on the levels and \nevolution of fertility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".