Electrochemical oxidation of sulfide ions in synthetic geothermal sour brine using coke electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geothermal sour brines produced during gas extraction are of environmental concern in Alberta, as they can contain hydrogen sulfide up to 60 mM. Current means of treatment have limited efficiency or are simply not feasible economically. Therefore, the common method of disposal is re-injection into geologically stable sites. The goal of the present research was to use the affordable material coke for the electrolysis of sour brines. Electro-oxidation of sulfide ions occurred with a two-phase zero order reaction, which was attributed to sulfur deposition on the anode. The minor oxidative products were found to be elemental sulfur and sulfate. An organic sulfonate was determined to be the primary oxidative product, but an exact structure is yet to be proven. The electro-oxidation was found to have comparable energy efficiencies to boron-doped diamond (BDD), Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 and graphite, making it a possible alternative for industrial scale treatment of geothermal sour brine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".