Fixing the Hole in the Ozone Layer: A Success in the Making (continued)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
arely two decades ago, an image obtained by the British Antarctic Survey of the hole in the earth's protective ozone layer generated enormous public concern and heated discussion of the science surrounding the problem.National news magazines sported cover pictures of the hole in the ozone layer and the issue captured the public's imagination.Indeed polls continue to show high public awareness of, and concern about, ozone layer depletion.Public and scientific focus on the problem mobilized vital policy creativity behind the idea of global cooperation to reverse the damage to the ozone layer.The resulting international accord, the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, was signed by twenty-seven countries in 1987.Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1522 U.N.T.S. 293, reprinted in 26 I.L.M. 1550 (Sept.16, 1987) (Montreal Protocol).The treaty to protect stratospheric ozone was a first-ever international collaboration to preemptively avert a growing environmental threat with the potential to harm people and ecological systems worldwide.At the international level, the accord has been highly successful.It has now been signed by 187 nations, making it the most nearly universal of treaties on the environment.The parties to the Montreal Protocol include both developed and developing countries, all of whom have committed to meet real and measurable reduction targets with quantifiable environmental goals and milestones.The United States has been a leader in protecting the ozone layer, having taken substantial preventive action even before the Montreal Protocol was negotiated.In 1978, the United States banned the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in aerosol products like consumer spray cans.42 Fed.Reg.22
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".