The effect of mouth opening levels on acoustic parameters of voice signal
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined the effect of three different mouth opening levels on fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, harmonic to noise ratio, first formant frequency, second formant frequency and first two formants ratio in Producing vowel /a/. Study design: simple random sampling strategy was used to recruit 36 participants. 18 females and 18 males between age 18 to 29 years were recruited. Methods: the participants sustained vowel /a/ 7 seconds. The first 1 second and the last 1 second of the vowel were omitted in order to eliminate the vowel initiation and termination effect from the audio signal and, thereby, the middle 5 seconds were analyzed to derive acoustic parameters. Seven infrared cameras recorded mouth opening and head movements. Results: The results showed that mouth opening level is only effective on fundamental frequency (p=0.009<0.05), shimmer (p=0.033<0.05) and first formant frequency (p=0.004<0.05). Conclusions: An open jaw posture places the larynx in a lower position which causes a more relaxed phonation that reduce fundamental frequencyand increase shimmer. Mouth opening level has an inverse relationship with first formant frequency.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it