Growth and post-spawning survival in capelin (Mallotus villosus) on the Northeast coast of Newfoundland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Capelin (Mallotus villosus) is a small, short-lived forage fish species, which is a key prey for many top predators. Newfoundland capelin spawn during the summer, after which most are thought to die. I evaluated the reliability of a spawning zone in the otolith in female capelin by comparing direct (histological) and indirect (otolith-based) indicators of spawning. 50% of individuals with a spawn check identified in the otolith had residual oocytes. This suggests that otolith-based determination may not be a reliable method of identifying previous spawning. I also examined inter-annual variation in growth and links with environmental conditions. Age-specific annual growth was quantified using otolith-based techniques. Generalized Additive Models revealed that higher growth occurred during 2010-2012 and a Principal Components Analysis on environmental factors indicated that these years were characterized by warmer conditions, with earlier and higher magnitude spring blooms, but the abundance of capelin prey varied widely. This suggests that temperature and bloom dynamics may have a larger influence on capelin growth. We highlight the importance of understanding environmental conditions influencing population dynamics, as well as the importance of further characterizing the life history of capelin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".