Indicators of petroleum product exposure in benthic cold-water marine invertebrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ubiquity of petroleum in society has led to widespread pollution of the marine environment resulting in a need to identify suitable biomarkers. The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) To measure variables that influence baseline biomarker activity and (2) to determine their response to the water-accommodating fraction of used engine lubricating oil. The biomarkers glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) were studied across three stages of the breeding cycle within the reproductive and digestive tissues of the common sea star, the orange-footed sea cucumber, the daisy brittle star, and the green sea urchin. Overall, sea stars were identified as the most promising cold-water biomonitors of oil contamination among the species studied, and GPx was found to be the most suitable biomarker due to its widespread activity, lack of seasonal baseline variation, and the simple separation of sexes during analyses. In comparison, the baseline activity of EROD was influenced by both season and sex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".