HySeas III: The World's First Sea-Going Hydrogen-Powered Ferry – A Look at its Technical Aspects, Market Perspectives and Environmental Impacts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping were estimated to be 2.1% of the global emissions by 2012. In order to decrease them in the future, new measures are being taken but also new alternative power systems employing batteries, hydrogen and fuel cells and the production of alternative fuels are now under development. Currently, several projects are aiming at the implementation of hydrogen and fuel cells in Ro-on/roll-off and passenger (RoPax) ferries. In relation to this, a comparison of hydrogen and fuel cell systems against other technologies such as batteries in terms of costs, system mass and volume is presented in this paper. In addition, an overview of the market potential of RoPax ferries in Europe is given, showing that fuel cells have potential, particularly if their power is scaled up. Finally, we present the first results of the life cycle assessment carried out within the project of HySeas III, which shows that the global warming potential generated by the ship in a 30 year life would decrease by 89% compared to a ship operating with a diesel-electric system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".