Imported devotions: Roman catacomb Saints in ultramontane Montreal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis is about the rise and fall of the devotion to the relics of Roman catacomb saints in ultramontane Quebec. In the nineteenth century, largely under the impulse of Montreal's bishop Ignace Bourget, Quebec's Catholic Church imported from Rome dozens of these remains. As a result, new devotions developed around saints unheard of before in Canada: Abondius, Zénon, Zotique, Asellus, Janvière, Innocent. This thesis is meant to be a reflection on the significance of the devotion to Roman catacomb saints in the religious experience of nineteenth century Catholics. In many ways this devotion paralleled ultramontanism, rising and culminating in the same period. Understanding the development of the devotion to catacomb saints can lead us to comprehend how ultramontane piety was lived in Quebec. This devotion was not a minor expression of popular piety but a significant element of lived religion and of the religious experience of many Catholics. The devotion to catacomb saints spread across Quebec through religious education, processions and distributions of relics and the promise of indulgences. Ultimately, however, both the clergy and the laity adopted Roman martyrs because they sincerely believed in the intercession of these saints. Because they have now largely been removed from the public sphere, it is difficult for us today to understand the significance that these relics once possessed. This thesis seeks to bring to light elements of a devotion that has now almost completely disappeared.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".