Measurement of static liquid holdup at low EOTVOS numbers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A plasma transferred arc furnace has been developed by Hydro-Quebec for the recovery of aluminum from dross. In an attempt to maximize the recovery of aluminum, static liquid holdup was investigated. Simulation experiments were conducted using a packed column of spherical glass beads and either water or mercury. It was expected that static liquid holdup would correlate with the dimensionless Eotvos number; and would therefore be a function of the density and surface tension of the wetting liquid, as well as the particle diameter. The effects of packed height, column diameter, particle size and size distribution, surface tension, and non-wetting liquid were investigated. The experimental results were compared with the existing correlations of Saez and Carbonell; and Saez, Yepez, et al. The experimental results were found to agree with the correlations within the applicable range. A new correlation was then developed from the experimental data based on the Eotvos number in the range of 0.003 to 1.2. The developed correlation is: H=11.25+65*Eo where H is the static liquid holdup in units of liquid volume per solid volume and Eo is the Eotvos number.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".