Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urban and local communities around the world are practising migrant and refugee solidarity. This chapter first identifies several dimensions that define a common urban solidary approach: legal, discursive, identity-formative, and scalar dimensions. Second, the chapter examines cities around the world where these dimensions can be observed although various labels are used to describe urban solidarity approaches. In Canada, the USA, and the UK, the label “sanctuary city” is often used; in Spain, Barcelona calls itself a “city of refuge,” and municipalities in Chile refer to themselves as “commune of reception” or “inclusive community.” Dimensions of urban solidarity approaches can also be observed in parts of Africa and Asia. By focussing on different continents and diverse geopolitical contexts, the chapter illustrates the complexity in the way in which urban migrant and refugee solidarity is understood and practiced.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.291 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".