Patterns of host nest use by Brown-headed Cowbirds parasitizing Song Sparrows and Yellow Warblers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
I investigated patterns of host nest use by Brown-headed Cowbirds (' Molothrus ater') parasitizing two common hosts, the Song Sparrow (' Melospiza melodia') and the Yellow Warbler ('Dendroica petechia '), at Delta Marsh, Manitoba. I examined two non-exclusive aspects of host nest use: susceptibility of nests to discovery by nest-searching cowbirds and factors influencing host nest selection. Patterns of parasitism and multiple parasitism on Song Sparrows were determined by following the nesting attempts of this host during two breeding seasons and using molecular genetic techniques to quantify the number of female cowbirds laying eggs in parasitized nests. I assessed the importance of both nest habitat and microhabitat as well as host activity in influencing the likelihood of parasitism of Song Sparrow and Yellow Warbler nests by measuring several vegetation and behavioural characteristics of nests that we unparasitized, parasitized once, and parasitized more than once by the same female and by more than one female (i.e. multiple parasitism). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".