A Piezoelectric Membrane Sensor for Biomedical Monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract—A piezoelectric membrane sensor, consisting of a metal foil, a piezoelectric ceramic film and a top electrode, has been developed. Thick lead zirconate titanate composite film was coated onto a stainless steel (SS) foil and a top electrode was formed using a sliver paste. The SS foil served as the bottom electrode as well as the substrate. Due to the porosity in the piezoelectric film and the thin metallic membrane substrate, the high flexibility was realized. The porosity was observed by a scanning electron microscopy. This membrane sensor has been worked as a unimorph-type bending sensor as well as an ultrasonic sensor. Biomedical applications using this sensor were demonstrated. The sensor was directly attached onto a wrist and signals corresponding to arterial pulse waves have been successfully obtained. The signals had a signal-to-noise ratio of better than 20dB. Breathing curves were also measured on a human belly. In addition, ultrasonic signal reflected from a finger bone was observed with a pulse-echo technique. Thus, this sensor could be used as a wearable sensor, which does not disturb daily life activities including sleeping, for real-time and continuous monitoring of personal health conditions. Keywords-piezoelectric membrane sensor; unimorph; ultrasonic probe; biomedical monitoring I.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".