Phytochemical and molecular genetic characterization of factors influencing anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape (Vitis)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Grape ('Vitis') is one of the world's most important crops economically, with approximately 70% of the grapes used in winemaking. Over the past thirty years, viticulturists of the Niagara Peninsula in Ontario have replaced their native and hybrid vines with high-value ' Vitis vinifera' cultivars and the area under grapevine cultivation has increased dramatically. The research described in this dissertation investigated factors, both environmental and genetic, influencing anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape, with particular attention to improving the anthocyanin concentration and profiles of Ontario grapes. An improved high performance liquid chromatography method was developed allowing for more accurate detection and quantification of the complex profile of anthocyanins produced in grapes. This method led to detection of a novel anthocyanin compound in Concord grapes ('Vitis labrusca'). As an application of these improved analytical capabilities, the anthocyanin metabolite profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc grapes grown in different Appellation regions within Ontario's Niagara Peninsula were examined, to simultaneously examine whether the anthocyanin profiles for each cultivar differed significantly between locations and years, and whether specific metabolite profiles correlate with the locations of these vineyards in relation to well-defined Appellation zones. While statistically significant differences in total anthocyanin levels could be correlated to Appellation zone, specific anthocyanin profiles could not, suggesting individual viticultural techniques are more important in determining anthocyanin quality than geography alone. While viticultural technique and Appellation influence anthocyanin biosynthesis, the greatest increases in grape anthocyanin concentrations are likely to be achieved via understanding the molecular genetics controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis. The genetic determinant of 'Teinturier' grapes, of interest for their generally intense colour, was also examined. It was determined that the 'Teinturier' trait encompasses two genetically distinct phenotypes, coloured mesocarp and coloured juice; to distinguish between them the latter was reclassified as the 'Claret ' trait. Novel 'MybA3'+'XY' alleles were found to be associated with the 'Teinturier' (coloured mesocarp) phenotype, both within a segregating experimental breeding population and in a collection of other 'Teinturier' cultivars. Results support a model in which anthocyanin accumulation depends on a balance between negative and positive regulators of transcription. These results increase our understanding of tissue-specific anthocyanin accumulation in grape berries and may facilitate the development of improved, high-anthocyanin cultivars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".