OTTAWA TREATY: FROM THE BOTTOM TO THE TOP IN THE INTERNATIONAL AGENDA. A CLASSICAL MULTILATERAL INSTITUTION?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Ottawa Treaty is a milestone in the history of multilateralism. For the first time, thousands of nongovernmental organizations, the UN and the Red Cross, in a coordinated way, captured the attention of governments from around the world on the need to put an end to the use of the landmines (MAP, minas anti persona, in Spanish), a weapon of war that has caused mutilations, deaths and suffering to millions of people. The goal of this paper is to analyze the process from the beginning showing how the topic arose until becoming a matter of international interest, as well as examining the Ottawa Treaty in the light of precepts proposed by theoreticians such as Ruggie (Anatomy of a multilateral institution) and Keohane (legitimacy). It also aims at determining how much the treaty resembles a classical multilateral institution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".