OCCURRENCE OF FIN AND HUMPBACK WHALESIN THE SCOTIA SEA AND THE PROTECTED MARINE AREA OF THE SOUTH ORKNEY ISLANDS, ANTARCTICA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
"The water masses around the South Orkney Islands (SOI) and their Protected Marine Area (PMA)in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica, are among the biologically richest areas of the Southern Ocean, supporting a largecommunity of top predators. Information about the occurrence of whales in the southern Scotia Sea is scarce,partly due to the difficulty of conducting research in Antarctic waters. The aims of this paper are to reportnew observations of fin and humpback whales in the southern Scotia Sea and SOI PMA, and to describe envi-ronmental conditions associated with their occurrence. The study was conducted onboard R/V Puerto Deseadobetween 58ºS and 64ºS latitude, covering a total of 588 nm from 15 February to 15 March 2014. A principalcomponent analysis was used to identify patterns of occurrence. Fin whales were associated with higher valuesof sea surface temperature (SST), salinity and depth. The largest aggregations of fin whales were located NWof the SOI. By contrast, humpback whales occurred in shallower areas with lower SST and salinity, and thelargest aggregations were south of 60ºS, in or near the PMA. Our analyses are based on a single 25-day cruisebut provide new information on the summer occurrence of fin and humpback whales in the southern ScotiaSea and SOI PMA, an area rarely visited by research vessels devoted to studies of top predators."
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".