Physiological responses to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields in dairy cows under short photoperiod conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study consisted of a series of experiments designed to test the hypothesis that exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields (EMF), similar to those generated by power transmission lines, can modify the response to photoperiod in dairy cows. Thirty two Holstein cows, 16 pregnant and lactating and 16 non-pregnant and non-lactating, maintained under short photoperiod (8 h light, 16 h dark), were exposed to an electric field of 10 kV/m and a magnetic field of 30 muTesla for 16 h/d, using cross-over experimental designs with three-period sequences. These exposure conditions resembled those prevalent under a 735 kV line carrying an extreme current load. Feed consumption, milk yield and composition, body weight, circulating concentrations of melatonin, prolactin, IGF-1 and growth hormone were assessed, as well as estrous cycle traits. A positive association was found between EMF exposure and feed consumption, uncorrected milk yield at the end of the exposure period and blood concentration of IGF-1. EMF exposure was also associated with an increase in blood prolactin concentration and decreased melatonin levels during the photophase in lactating pregnant cows. Non-lactating cows exposed to EMF showed longer estrous cycles. It was concluded that exposure to ELF EMF similar to those found under power transmission lines under extreme conditions of load elicits a biological response in dairy cows. Some aspects of this response are consistent with the hypothesis of a modification of the response to photoperiod.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".