Phylogeny of the weakly electric banded knifefishes : insights on biogeography and evolution in the Neotropical genus Gymnotus (Pisces: Gymnotidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A total evidence hypothesis ofphylogenetic relationships is proposed for the weakly electric banded knifefishes ofthe genus Gymnotus based on data from the mitochondrial cytochrorne ó and l65 genes, the nuclear RAG-2 gene, and I l3 morphological characters.Maximum parsimony trees provide partial confrrmation of previous findings based on morphological data sets, wìth lhe ' carapo'species group intact, The South American assemblage of Gymnotus is shown to be paraphyletic, with Central American species rnost closely allied to lhe 'carapo' species group.This relationship has important implications for biogeography and the evolution of electric signals within the genus.Dating of the node connecting Central American Gymnotus to their South American congeners suggests that genetic divcrgence between the two assemblages took place during the Miocene, prior to the uplift of the Isthmus of panama.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".