Radio frequency microstrip line model of circulatory system vessels for cardiovascular application.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Toutes les sept minutes, une personne décède d'une maladie cardiaque ou d'un accident vasculaire cérébral au Canada. En outre, selon l'organisation canadienne de cardiologie, au moins 1 000 patients sont nés avec un seul ventricule fonctionnel, qui nécessite plusieurs chirurgies à coeur ouvert pour rendre la circulation durable. L’opération Fontan permet aux enfants nés avec ce type de cardiopathie congénitale de survivre, mais en raison de l’absence de deuxième ventricule, le sang s’écoulant dans les poumons. En raison de la difficulté d'une étude réaliste de l'évolution du système circulatoire dans le corps humain, moins de 50% des bébés survivent à l’âge adulte en raison de maladies chroniques. D’où l’importance que les modèles permettant de décrire le système cardiovasculaire fournissent des données plus précises pour déterminer l’évolution de conditions du patient. \nCertains de ces modèles dépendent de l'ajustement ou de l'estimation de la courbe ; les autres utilisent les équations de fluide. Dans l’approche proposée, l’analogie entre le système cardiovasculaire et la théorie de la ligne de transmission, qui tire son origine de l’équivalence d’équations de Navier et de Maxwell, est utilisée. L'utilisation du logiciel ADS pour simuler ce modèle offre une flexibilité dans la conception en raison de ses fonctionnalités telles que l’ajustement qui permet de modifier une ou plusieurs valeurs de paramètre et d'illustrer l'effet sur la sortie sans simuler à nouveau le système. \nL'objectif de cette étude est de valider un modèle miniaturisé du système circulatoire humain. Les résultats démontrent que l’augmentation de la fréquence et la variation de la longueur n’affectent pas la forme d’onde du pouls, ce qui a conduit notre approche à la conception d’un petit modèle utilisant une ligne de transmission à microruban et à l’obtention des mêmes résultats. \nLa ligne de transmission microruban a été mesurée sur la base de certains paramètres de vaisseaux sains. Ce Modèle permettra d'appliquer les caractéristiques de la ligne de transmission sur le corps humain afin de définir certains paramètres et d'obtenir un meilleur aperçu de ses aspects physiques et l'étude des effets pathologiques. Every 7 minutes in Canada someone dies from heart disease or stroke. One of these causes of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis-the narrowing and eventual blockage of arteries by the deposition of fatty plaques on the walls of the artery. In addition, there is at least 1,000 patients born with only one functional ventricle according to the Canadian heart organization, which need multiple open-heart surgeries to make the circulation sustainable. The Fontan operation permits children born with this type of congenital heart disease to survive but due to the lack of a second ventricle pumping blood to the lungs less than 50% of the babies survive to adulthood due to chronic illnesses. Due to the difficulty of realistic study of the changing on the circulatory system in the human body, models that can describe the cardiovascular system is important to offer closer data to define the patient conditions. Some of these models are depending on curve fitting or estimation; the others are followed some fluid equations. \nThe objective of this study is to validate a miniaturized model of the human circulatory system. The research depends on a study that has been done to certify our concern by demonstrating the increase in the frequency and changing in the length does not affect on pulse waveform that leads to our approach to design a small model using a microstrip transmission line and accomplishment the same results. In the proposed approach, the analogy between the cardiovascular system and transmission line theory, which takes source from Navier stokes and Maxwell equations equivalence is used. The use of ADS software to simulate this model provides flexibility in the design because of the features of this software such as the tuning, which enable the modification of one or more parameter value and illustrate the effect on the output without re-simulating the entire design. The rules that have been used to reach the equivalent microstrip substrate are studied and presented. The equitable procedure has been done to achieve reasonable permittivity and thickness. \nMicrostrip transmission line has been measured based on some healthy vessels parameters that leads to a new novelty, which may enable to apply the characteristics of the transmission line on the human body to define some parameters and obtaining a better insight into its physical aspects at the same time studying the effects of pathological conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".