Role of fungal diseases in decline of Pacific madrone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is concern over the health of Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii), a tree native to California, Oregon, Washington, USA, and British Columbia, Canada. Declining trees have been reported in western Washington and British Columbia during the past 30 years. The fungus Nattrassia mangiferae causes cankers and shoot blight and is associated with declining madrones. Fusicoccum aesculi causes branch dieback but is a secondary pathogen that attacks stressed trees. We found both fungi on declining madrone trees in King County, Washington. More canker fungi were isolated within the first centimeter from the canker margin, and occurred more often on large diameter wood. N. mangiferae was found in 90% of the samples from the margin of madrone cankers and is considered the primary pathogen. Trees that were heavily infected with canker fungi had less stored starch in the root burl. Starch content in the root burl of declining trees was significantly lower than in healthy trees. Pacific madrone decline has a similar pattern to other declines involving early successional species that establish after a disturbance, where mature trees are more severely affected. Fire was the major natural disturbance agent with madrone, but disease now appears to be replacing fire as the main disturbance agent responsible for killing aboveground plant parts. Unlike fire, disease decreases starch accumulation in the root burl, so that declining trees are less able to resprout after the aboveground portion of the tree is killed by disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".