Satellite Remote Sensing & Model Reanalysis Estimates of Upper- Ocean Heat Content in the Canada Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The partitioning of solar radiation entering the upper ocean in the presence of sea ice during the Arctic summer is essential to predicting future ice retreat. This study compares predicted incoming heat with upper ocean density and thermal structure by constructing a simple, one-dimensional vertical heat budget around drifting buoy clusters deployed as part of the Stratified Ocean Dynamics of the Arctic experiment. Model reanalysis surface heat flux estimates were used with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and satellite radiometer derived open water fraction (OWF) estimates to construct an incoming surface heat flux budget. The incoming solar radiation forced upper-ocean heat gains, either stored locally or contributing to ice melt, through open water and the thinning ice cover. The estimated seasonal heat input directly through SAR-determined open water is roughly 44 MJ m-2, and the measured heat sinks total 104 MJ m-2 for mixed layer heat gain, basal melting, and basal conductance. Given the lack of sizeable advective heat sources, these results suggest that the residual heat source is through-ice transmittance. A transmission parameter was estimated from the residual heat flux and comparable to previous in situ observations of ice transmittance. These results suggest that through-ice transmittance is the dominating heat source around the observation site during the summer 2019 melt season.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".