Satellite-based western Canadian glacier inventory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We utilized Landsat imagery ~2005 and existing ice polygons from provincial mapping ~1985 to produce a glacier inventory for western Canada south of 60 º N. We corrected errors in the mapping from 1985 due to late lying snow and debris cover using Landsat TM and the provincial digital terrain model (DTM) based on the same aerial images as the ice polygons. The 2005 glacier vectors were produced from a band ratio (TM3/TM5) and the 1985 outlines as a clip layer. Misclassified pixels were corrected with water and slope detection algorithms. Final polygons were manually checked for errors. We also used the provincial DTM to split the glaciers into individual flow sheds. The estimated error in our method, determined by comparison of the digital vectors to those obtained through manual interpretation, is within 2.5%. Glacier cover in British Columbia and Alberta declined by 11.5% over the period 1985-2005. The annual retreat rate 0.6% a-1 is comparable to rates reported in other mountain ranges. Work is underway to compare these rates of ice loss to climate change over the period of study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".