A Submission on the Therapeutic Goods and Other Legislation (Vaping Reforms) Bill 2024 (Cth)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On the 27 March 2024, the Australian Senate referred the provisions of the Therapeutic Goods and Other Legislation Amendment (Vaping Reforms) Bill 2024 (Cth) to the Community Affairs Legislation Committee for inquiry and report by 8 May 2024. As a researcher in intellectual property and innovation law, it has been striking that there has been a sharp rise in intellectual property applications dealing with the subject matter of e-cigarettes. This has been indicative of tremendous investment and speculation in these new technologies. E-cigarette companies have been seeking to develop their portfolio of patents, trade marks, and other forms of industrial property in this new field. Big tobacco companies – such as British American Tobacco, Imperial Brands, Japan Tobacco International, and Altria – have been filing patent applications in respect of e-cigarettes, as well as developing trademark protected brands and marketing material. There has been significant intellectual property litigation in the field of e-cigarettes. This is indicative of a struggle for market power in the area. No doubt tobacco companies and e-cigarette developers will argue that vaping reforms impinge upon their intellectual property rights (just as Big Tobacco maintained that plain packaging of tobacco products adversely affected their intellectual property rights). Superior courts in Australia, England, and elsewhere, have been clear, though, that tobacco companies cannot invoke intellectual property rights to challenge plain packaging of tobacco products. Challenges to plain packaging of tobacco products under international trade law and investment law have also been dismissed and rejected. It is unlikely that tobacco companies and e-cigarette developers could seek to block or delay e-cigarette regulations on the grounds of intellectual property. Some jurisdictions, such as India have been reluctant to grant intellectual property rights in this field, because of concerns that the technology lacks utility and social benefit. This submission highlights Australia’s National Tobacco Strategy 2023-2030 and its application to the regulation of e-cigarettes and vaping. Reviewing the history of past regulation, this submission expresses concerns about Australia’s initial partial and fragmented regulation of e-cigarettes under Conservative governments. It highlights how Minister Greg Hunt’s efforts to provide for stronger regulation of e-cigarettes were undermined and sabotaged by tobacco interference. This submission highlights problems in respect of enforcement in respect of e-cigarettes. This submission explores the policy plans of the Albanese Government in respect of the regulation of e-cigarettes and vaping. It reviews the Therapeutic Goods and Other Legislation Amendment (Vaping Reforms) Bill 2024 (Cth). It considers the responses of other political parties and representatives – particularly highlighting the call by community independents for further integrity measures to guard against tobacco interference. This submission provides an analysis of how Federal, State, and Territory Governments in Australia are responding to the regulation of e-cigarettes and vaping. Furthermore, this submission offers a comparative study of how the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand are dealing with the regulation of e-cigarettes and vaping. Finally, the submission considers the advice of the World Health Organization in dealing with the regulation of e-cigarettes and vaping. This submission supports the plans of the Albanese Government to introduce a new regulatory regime for e-cigarettes and vaping. The Health Minister Mark Butler has proposed a package of proposals - including border controls on non-prescription vapes; minimum quality standards for vapes restrictions on flavours, colours, and other ingredients; pharmaceutical-like plain packaging; reduction of the allowed nicotine concentrations and volumes; and a ban on all single use, disposable vapes. The Therapeutic Goods and Other Legislation Amendment (Vaping Reforms) Bill 2024 (Cth) seeks to impose restrictions and prohibitions applying to the importation, domestic manufacture, supply, commercial possession, and advertisement of vaping goods. There will also be a public health information campaign to discourage Australians from vaping and smoking. There will be heightened enforcement action to close down the illicit sale of e-cigarettes in convenience stores and other retail settings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.043 | 0.019 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.070 | 0.048 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".