A study of millerite from Cu-Ni-PGE footwall veins, Sudbury, ON: crystal-chemistry, morphology, & geological implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Millerite (-NiS) is a common accessory mineral in magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE deposits, such as those occurring in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. In such localities, millerite develops as platy crystals, often forming large, cleavable masses. This is in stark contrast to the more widespread occurrence of millerite as a hydrothermal precipitate within vugs in carbonate basins, where it develops an acicular morphology, with crystals often exhibiting exaggerated aspect ratios (l:w > 20). The reason for these contrasting morphologies is attributed directly to the genesis of magmatic millerite that initially crystallizes as the high-temperature mineral crowningshieldite (-NiS), later inverting to millerite upon further cooling. The morphology exhibited by platy millerite is thus representative of crowningshieldite via a paramorphic relationship. Millerite of magmatic origin also frequently exhibits secondary twinning on {011̅2}, resulting from a postcrystallization increase in pressure. Development of these twins produces a variable response under BSE microscopy that is attributed to orientation contrast.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".