Unexpected diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in wildlife Canada. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 3:81-87
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Echinococcus multilocularis is a zoonotic cestode with a distribution encompassing the northern hemisphere \nthat causes alveolar hydatid disease in people and other aberrant hosts. E. multilocularis is not \ngenetically uniform across its distribution, which may have implications for zoonotic transmission and \npathogenicity. Recent findings of a European-type haplotype of E. multilocularis in wildlife in one location \nin western Canada motivated a broader survey of the diversity of this parasite in wildlife from northern \nand western Canada. We obtained intact adult cestodes of E. multilocularis from the intestines of 41 wild \ncanids (wolf – Canis lupus, coyote – Canis latrans, and red fox – Vulpes vulpes), taeniid eggs from 28 fecal \nsamples from Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), and alveolar hydatid cysts from 39 potential rodent intermediate \nhosts. Upon sequencing a 370-nucelotide region of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) mitochondrial \nlocus, 17 new haplotypes were identified. This constitutes a much higher diversity than \nexpected, as only two genotypes (European and an Asian/North American) had previously been identified \nusing this locus. The European-type strain, recently introduced, may be widespread in wildlife within \nwestern Canada, possibly related to the large home ranges and wide dispersal range of wild canids. This \nstudy increased understanding of the biogeographic distribution, prevalence and genetic differences of a \nglobally important pathogenic cestode in northern and western Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".