Science and religion, an address delivered at the Convocation of McGill university, May 1st, 1876 to the bachelors of applied science.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
itself on my attention in a way that cannot be over- looked, and I have had no hesitation in selecting it as a fit theme for my remarks*.Success in your profession is greatly to be desired.Progress in your studies is necessary.But not of these shall I speak.Nor indeed shall I confine my address to you alone.On the contrary, I shall take advantage of the opportunity to turn myself to all those who, with you, have, during the last two years, been attending the lectures in Experimental Physics-and not even to those alone, -I wish that those other students who are in the earlier years, and who will attend the lectures that I may yet deliver in these subjects, should consider themselves as addressed.My subject is one that has been agitating the minds of many during nearly two years past.A wave of disturbance originating in the address of the President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1874 has rolled over the mother country, and crossing the Atlantic, diffused itself here far and wide.The disturbance then excited, the agitation of men's minds, and the discussions that followed, are still in full vigour, not only in Great Britain, but here in Canada ; -possibly, they may as yet be only in their beginning in this country.The discussions are carried on or noticed, not only in books, reviews and pamphlets, but in newspapers and in the social circle."When the newspapers teem with quotations from Tyndall, Huxley, Darwin and Herbert Spencer (no later than this morning I saw one from the last mentioned), and the mind of the nation in general is agitated, it is not to be supposed that the student's mind will escape that apprehension which lays hold of many when they are told that Science and Religion are irreconcileably at variance.When after * " An atom, if there is such a thing, must he a molecule of an ele- mentary substance."" Every molecule is not an atom, but every atom is a molecule."-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.247 | 0.041 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".