Synergistic effect of carbon monoxide mixed with carbon dioxide in air on mortality of stored-grain insects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rusty grain beetle, cryptorestes ferrugineus (stephens), red flour beetre, Triborium castaneum (Herbst), and granary weevil, sitophilus granarius (L.), are dominant stored- grain pest species in canada.A study to determine the effect of carbon monoxide (co) mixed with carbon dioxide (cor) in air on controlling stored-grain insects was conducted in the laboratory.within modified airtight gas exposure systems, mixed-age adults of rusty $ain beetle, red flour beetle, and granary weevil in tough wheat with moisture content of 15% were exposed for 48, 96, 144 and 192 h to three types of gas mixtures in air,5o/o CO,30% CO2, and 5% CO +30vo COzat2l C and 30oC, the balance of the gases being air, carbon monoxide alone had no effect on mortality of the three insect adults.For c. ferrugineus, there was no difference in mortality between by co2 alone and co2 + co mixture at either temperature for all exposures.However, both T. casaneum and s.granarius had higher mortality in the CO2 + CO mixture than the CO2 alone at both temperatures.Moreover, S. granarius was more susceptible to CO2 + CO mixture than Z castaneum.These results suggest that for cefiain species co could be used to increase the efficiency of co2, especially at high temperature.Inhibition by co to electron transport chain at the cellular level is presumed to exelt synergistic influence on inducing greater mortality of some insects under CO2 stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".