A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Protandrena (Pterosarus) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Canada and the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protandrena Cockerell subgenus Pterosarus Timberlake is the last major group within the North American Andrenidae to have not received a major revision in the United States and Canada, which leaves a large gap in the knowledge of bee biodiversity in the region. The taxonomy of Pr. (Pterosarus) remains unknown in many areas, particularly in Canada and the American West. In order to rectify this, a revision of Pr. (Pterosarus) was completed. Species delimitation followed the process of integration by congruence, with morphological, geographical, and ecological used to delimit species. Morphometric data were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis and partitioning around medioids. Forty-six species were revised, sixteen of which are described as new, thirteen names are treated as junior synonyms, and one name has been elevated from subspecific to specific status. Eight new lectotypes are designated, and the previously unknown females of two species are described. Descriptions, floral record tables, distribution maps, images, and keys to the males and females are provided.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".