Teen Driver Safety : Review of the Literature on Driver Education Evaluation 2010 Update
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In North America the term driver education has usually been applied to programs for beginning drivers consisting of both "theory" instruction in the classroom and practical training in a vehicle. Traditional programs have taken place in a single stage, before the driver becomes licensed. Indeed, one principal purpose of driver education is to prepare beginners for license testing. In many jurisdictions, but by no means all, most beginner drivers receive some instruction from a paid professional instructor (Maycock and Forsyth 1997). Driver education was widely available in public secondary schools in North America for many years. After the early 1980s, availability has declined in most jurisdictions. This was especially the case in the United States, where high school driver education had been pervasive through the 1970s. In Canada, driver education has always been more diverse. High school driver education has remained strong in some provinces, never existed in others, and has declined in still others in a manner similar to the United States.\n
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.021 | 0.058 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.014 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".