Understanding the narratives of immigrant and refugee women (IRW) in intimate partner violence in Canada across pre-migration, migration, and post-migration (PMP) trajectories
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies on intimate partner violence have established several contributing and complicating factors to IPV concerns among immigrant families in the diaspora. The implications of IPV indicate that immigrant and refugee women are entangled in their relationships based on cultural, structural, and familial factors. Aim and Objectives: There is a scarcity of wholistic research on immigrant and refugee women’s intimate partner violence across pre-migration, migration, and post-migration trajectories in Canada. This narrative study explored the IPV experiences of immigrant and refugee women in Canada across the pre-migration, migration, and post-migration (PMP) trajectories through four research questions: What are the immigrant and refugee women’s experiences of IPV in the pre-migration, migration, and post-migration periods? To what extent has the cultural background of newcomer women impacted their relationships and settlement in their new societies, which led to intimate partner violence? How has the precarious immigration status of immigrant and refugee women influenced their continuous stay in their relationships? How helpful have the mainstream interventions been for IRW in IPV relationships in Canada? Methods: Twenty-seven IRW from sixteen racialized communities from Africa, Asia, The Caribbean, Europe, South America, and the Middle East were recruited in Winnipeg through flyers, community organizations, snowball sampling, and social media. Virtual (video and telephone) semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants. Whereas all participants had minimal English communication, five participants requested interpretations to ensure fluent narration of their IPV experiences. Research data were analyzed through MAXQDA qualitative software using Connelly and Clandinin’s (2006) three-dimensional features – temporality, sociality, and place and question alignment analysis methods. Results: The study indicated that the intersections of gender, age, reproduction/pregnancy, immigration, systemic, socio-economic, and cultural/religious factors contributed to the continuity and vulnerability of immigrant and refugee women’s IPV experiences across PMP. All participants highlighted the theme of wives as slaves. Participants reported the deprivation of self-determination in their intimate relationships and the Canadian systems, but highlighted self-efficacy within the Canadian culture. Some participants advised experiencing the same level of violence across all borders The study produced a PMP model of assessment and interventions for IRW service providers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".