Validation of the Three-Factor Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth in a Chinese Adolescent Sample
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wen Chen,1,2 Yun Li,2 Haitham Jahrami,3,4 Weiyan Wang,5 Wei Zheng,2 Yuxia Huang,1 Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,6,7 Weijia Gao1 1Department of Child Psychology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; 4Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain; 5Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 6Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada; 7Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, Parma, ItalyCorrespondence: Weijia Gao, Department of Child Psychology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Email 6314017@zju.edu.cn Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, Parma, Italy, Email robertobragazzi@gmail.comPurpose: This study focused on the validation of the Three-Factor Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth(RFQY) within a sample of Chinese adolescents.Patients and Methods: All the items of the RFQY were translated into Chinese language through the process of translation and back translation. A total of 532 adolescents aged between 12– 20 years completed the Chinese version of RFQY, McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD), Basic Empathy Scale (BES), and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).Results: Twenty items meeting psychometric standards were retained in the Chinese version of the RFQY. The indices for confirmatory factor analysis, including χ 2/df (2.354), SRMR (0.053), GFI (0.930), CFI (0.921), TLI (0.910), and RMSEA (0.050), all conformed to the requirements of psychometrics. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the three factors, “uncertainty/confusion”, “interest/curiosity”, and “excessive certainty”, were 0.820, 0.673, and 0.839, respectively, with test-retest reliability scores of 0.751, 0.643, and 0.764. A significant positive correlation was found between uncertainty/confusion and symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD), particularly in adolescents with high BPD traits. Excessive certainty was positively correlated with unstable interpersonal relationships, while the interest/curiosity factor shows no significant correlation with BPD symptoms. The uncertainty/confusion factor demonstrates a complex relationship with empathy, correlating positively with affective empathy but negatively with cognitive empathy. The uncertainty/confusion factor shows a significant positive correlation with alexithymia, while the factor of excessive certainty demonstrates the opposite effect. Additionally, a significant negative correlation exists between the interest/curiosity factor and the externally oriented thinking.Conclusion: This study validates the Chinese version of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQY), demonstrating its reliability and validity in assessing reflective functioning among Chinese adolescents. This enhances the understanding of reflective functioning and its role in adolescent mental health.Keywords: mentalizing, adolescence, psychometric validation, borderline personality disorder
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".