Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the implementation of the Development Plan of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone,human activities in Longkou Bay have developed at an unprecedented rate. Economic development not only affected its tidal and sedimentary environment,but also made petroleum one of the major pollutants in the bay. The surface sediments (0-5 cm) were collected in Longkou Bay. All samples were analyzed for hydrocarbons using GC-MS. The distribution and characteristic parameters of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated to determine the origins of organic matter and pollutant emission in sediments. Then an environmental risk assessment of sediments were carried out. The results showed that the maximum value of CPI_(25-35) was 1.5 (<4). The TAR ranged from 0.15 to 1.08,while the Pmar-aq ranged from 0.28 to 0.74. These indicated that biogenic origin n-alkanes were more input of marine plankton. The maximum value of the nC16 index was 20.76 (<30),and 71% of the stations' NAR value was less than 0. These showed that marine development activities caused a certain degree of oil pollution. The proportion of 2-and 3-ring PAHs reached up to 50%. The total concentration of 16 PAHs ranged from 460.03 to 2448.29 ng/g,with a mean value of 1328.60 ng/g,and 86% of the stations reached the moderate and severe pollution. The indices of PAHs indicated that PAHs were derived primarily from petroleum and combustion. PAHs toxicity level was evaluated using the Canada Soil Quality Guidelines (SQGs). Some low molecular weight PAHs (Acy,Ace,Flu,Phe, and Ant) occasionally had adverse ecological risk. The Carcinogenic PAHs (SigmaCar-PAHs) and BaP toxicity equivalent (TEQ_(BaP)) were used to estimate the potential health risk of PAHs. They indicated that Longkou Bay sediments had certain toxicity risk,but they were within safe levels. This study shows that n-alkanes in Longkou Bay sediments come from terrestrial,marine organic matter and hydrocarbons origin. And PAHs belong to a mixed source of petroleum and combustion,and their environmental risks are at safe levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".