Hsp27 and axonal growth in adult sensory neurons in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Neurite growth can be elicited by growth factors and interactions with extracellular \nmatrix molecules like laminin. Among the targets of the signalling pathways activated by these \nstimuli are cytoskeletal elements, such as actin, tubulin and neurofilaments. The cytoskeleton can \nalso be modulated by other proteins, such as the small heat shock protein Hsp27. Hsp27 interacts \nwith actin and tubulin in non-neuronal cells and while it has been suggested to play a role in the \nresponse of some neurons to injury, there have been no direct studies of its contribution to axonal \nregeneration. \nResults: We have investigated neurite initiation and process extension using cultures of adult \ndorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and a laminin stimulation paradigm. Employing \nconfocal microscopy and biochemical analyses we have examined localization of Hsp27 at early and \nlater stages of neurite growth. Our results show that Hsp27 is colocalized with actin and tubulin in \nlamellopodia, filopodia, focal contacts and mature neurites and growth cones. Disruption of the \nactin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D results in aberrant neurite initiation and extension, effects \nwhich may be attributable to alterations in actin polymerization states. Inhibition of Hsp27 \nphosphorylation in our cultures results in an atypical growth pattern that may be attributable to an \neffect of pHsp27 on the stability of the actin cytoskeleton. \nConclusion: We observed colocalization of the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms \nof Hsp27 with actin and tubulin in both very early and later stages of neurite growth from cultured \nadult DRG neurons. The colocalization of Hsp27 and pHsp27 with actin in lamellopodia and focal \ncontacts at early stages of neurite growth, and in processes, branch points and growth cones at \nlater stages, suggests that Hsp27 may play a role in neuritogenesis and subsequent neurite \nextension, and potentially in the patterning of this growth. Hsp27 has been reported to play a key \nrole in modulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics as an actin-capping protein in non-neuronal cells. \nOur results suggest that this may also be the case in neurons and support a role for Hsp27 in \nneurite outgrowth via its phosphorylation state-dependent interactions with actin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".