Is Helicobacter Pylori infection inversely associated with atopy? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection plays in the aetiology of atopy remains unclear, although a possible protective role has been hypothesized OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to quantify the association between H. pylori infection and atopy METHODS: A comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE/PUBMED and EMBASE (up to August 2013) was carried out to identify all observational epidemiological studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control) published in English that evaluated the association between H. pylori infection and objectively measured atopy (measured by allergen skin tests or specific IgE). The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain pooled estimates of effect RESULTS: Twenty-two observational studies involving 21,348 participants were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review, of which 16 were included in the meta-analysis. H. pylori infection was associated with a significantly reduced odds of atopy (pooled odds ratio (OR) 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-0.91; p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis according to atopy definition revealed a slightly greater protective effect for atopy defined as raised allergen specific IgE (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.62-0.92; p < 0.01; 7 studies). Findings did not differ according to the population age (adult or children), methodological quality or study design CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that H. pylori infection is associated with an estimated 18% reduction in odds of atopy. If the observed association is causal, more insights into the underlying mechanisms could provide clues to possible therapeutic opportunities in allergic disease This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.038 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.025 | 0.036 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".